Help
What is Color Contrast?
Color contrast ratio measures the difference in perceived brightness between text and background colors. It ranges from 1:1 (no contrast) to 21:1 (maximum contrast).
Higher ratios make text more readable, especially for users with low vision or color blindness.
WCAG AA vs AAA Standards
WCAG AA (Recommended):
- Normal text: 4.5:1 minimum
- Large text (18pt+ or 14pt+ bold): 3:1 minimum
WCAG AAA (Enhanced):
- Normal text: 7:1 minimum
- Large text: 4.5:1 minimum
Most websites target AA compliance. AAA is recommended for text-heavy applications.
What is Large Text?
WCAG defines "large text" as:
- 18 point (24px) or larger for regular weight
- 14 point (18.66px) or larger for bold text
Large text has more lenient contrast requirements (3:1 for AA, 4.5:1 for AAA) because it's easier to read at lower contrast.
Understanding Relative Luminance
Relative luminance measures how bright a color appears to the human eye. It's calculated using:
- Red channel: 21.26% weight
- Green channel: 71.52% weight
- Blue channel: 7.22% weight
Our eyes are most sensitive to green, which is why yellow (#FFFF00) appears very bright while blue (#0000FF) appears darker.
Common Mistakes
- Light gray on white: #999 on #FFF is only 2.8:1 (fails)
- Yellow on white: Very low contrast, hard to read
- Red on black: While striking, may not meet AAA standards
- Color-only differentiation: Don't rely on color alone to convey information
Tips for Good Contrast
- Use very dark text on light backgrounds or vice versa
- #595959 or darker on white meets AAA standards
- Test your colors early in the design process
- Remember that pure black on pure white can cause eye strain - consider #333 on #FFF
- For dark mode, use off-white (#E0E0E0) on dark gray (#121212)
- Test on actual devices in different lighting conditions
Exemptions
WCAG doesn't require contrast ratios for:
- Logos and brand names
- Inactive or disabled UI components
- Purely decorative elements
- Incidental text in photographs
However, improving contrast for these elements often improves overall user experience.